Restatement on the innovations of the New Type Thermometer
Xi’an Goldsun Energy Sensors System Inc.
Chen Yaosheng (20-6-2006)
1.0 Research background
According to the forecast of Frost & Sullivan, a world-renowned forecasting company, the global sensor market will increase from 1.74 billion U.S. dollars in 1998 to 332.6 billion U.S. dollars in 2006 with a growth rate of 7.4%. This growth will go on and on. It is well known that sensor can only obtain information and if it is to indicate or record the concerning physical quantum, there will be the need of information processing. If such information is used to control an implementing unit, there must have a monitoring system. Therefore, if a temperature sensor is used to make into a thermometer, the cost will increase at least 10 folds, and furthermore, the monitoring system will make the cost with an increase of at least 20 times higher. We have the world advanced temperature sensor and have already invented the advanced thermometer.
2.0 The background of the world’s advanced technology
2.1 technological backgrounds
There requires more and more application of measuring temperature due to the various vicious environment such as high pressure, high temperature, the erosion of acid and alkali, poisonous and harmful gases, high electric and magnetic fields, as well as the high possibility of combustion and explosion. Moreover, there is an increasing demand for such thermometer as to test the temperature of a dynamic object with quick response owing to the higher requirement of computer-based closed-loop control system. Traditional thermometers can no longer meet the demand of these new situations.
As for the testing approaches, temperature testing can be achieved through contact testing and untouched testing. The most widely used approach is obtained by using thermocouple which has been made of two different metal wires and such approach has taken up about 40% of the thermometer market, which is also the major tool to conduct contact testing. But such thermometer can not be used in the case of changing temperature and even though it is used assembled with computers; the temperature record normally gives wrong records. Since thermocouple can give accurate temperature in the static temperature environment, it is still seen as a standard tool in testing temperature. Suppose such thermometer will test the furnace temperature and there are 20 points to be tested, it requires 20 furnaces to do so, which will increase the production cost substantially. If only one furnace is used, when the 20 points have been tested, there will be great variance due to the laggard of the thermocouple. Presently, in the production lines of cement, glass and ceramics, thermocouple is still widely used to test the temperature, but because of the abovementioned reasons, the product quality can not be guaranteed. At present, the most popular thermometers used worldwide are infrared and optical fiber thermometers. These thermometers test the temperature in an untouched approach and the testing result is closely related with the radioactive rate of the objects, the distance to the testing point and area of the object under testing and as such, the reliability, stability can not be secured. What is more, it is inconvenient to handle and in most of the cases, they can not be used in poor environment.
Our innovative optical thermometer has overcome all those shortcomings thanks to its unique theorem, structure and function.
2．2 Technical features
A piece of optical fibred sensor with the function of optical signal treatment has been connected with a micro-processor free from an A/D transmitter. This is the general structure of innovative optical thermometer. (As indicated in the following diagram)
Such new type thermometer works based on the following theorem: when an object is heated, it radiates feature wave constantly to the space or the surrounding media. The peak value of the feature wave can be calculated by the formula: l=0.2897/(273+℃). When the temperature increases, the peak value moves to the short wave, for example, in temperature 0℃, its peak value is10.61mm；when the temperature is 1000℃, its peak value is.28mm；when in 2000℃, it reaches 1.27mm，at this point, insert a piece of optical fiber inside or make it contact with the surface, or even access to the heating object, the feature wave will transmit from one end to the other end. Since the other end of the optical fiber has been connected with a wave tester, which is actually a diffracted ray grating, the number will be indicated on this grating like 0 grade, 1 grade, 2 grade, etc. to be specific, o grade is with the largest value, 1 grade comes next, so on and so forth. In this way, the feature waves will be identified very conveniently. Then, connect the optical-electric detector, the frequency signal will be output with the change of the temperature, i.e. temperature signal shows out. Thus the temperature of the object under testing has been obtained.
In short, since a certain temperature correlates to a series of feature waves from the radiation, when the frequency rate of the feature wave has been obtained, it means that the temperature of the tested object has been obtained. The identification of the feature wave length is exactly the value of temperature. But pleased be noted, when the optical fiber has been inserted inside the heating object, the value shows the inside temperature; when the optical fiber contacts or access to the heating object, the value obtained shows the surface temperature. On the other hand, the value length is in reciprocal relationship with the number of waves. However, the transmitting speed of light wave in the air comes to 300,000 km/second, and as such the numbers of waves can not identified through the current electric sensor, and such problem can only be solved by optical methods. The way we solve this problem is to use voluntary optical fiber sensor. Such sensor has been made of optical fibers with extension facilities. When the wave length changes, the strength of the wave radiation will certainly change with it. The optical fiber sensor will change its vibration frequency with the change of wave powers. Furthermore, the movement of feature waves makes the spectrum coating wire also move. In this way, the voluntary optical fiber sensor combines the number of waves with the movement frequency of the feature waves into one.
2.3 technical prospects
If the temperature is to be obtained in a super high speed, there must be the sensor with super speed to react. The theorem of our thermometer just meets such requirements.
The temperature can be obtained either through contact manner, or through untouched manner; either can be obtained in normal situation or in very complex vicious environment.
If such new type of thermometer being applied, it will substitute the currently widely used thermocouple thermometer and our new product will take up over 40% of the thermometer market.
If such thermometer is used to test the body temperature, the former body thermometer will have to be placed in the museum. Either in hospital or other public places, the temperature testing network will be established easily by adopting our new type thermometer.
With the application of such approach, the temperature record in the food industry will be thoroughly changed;
With the application of this theorem, it can make thermometer values more than 1 million RMB, or values only less than 100RMB. With the application of such method, we will take the lead of not only the industry standard setter but also the standard setter of the temperature testing field.
3.0 T60 type Thermometer
The innovative new type thermometer can be divided into ten series from T60 to T69 with over 150 different types and specifications. Each series contains an average of 150 different kinds of thermometer.
The temperature range for T60 is from 250℃-3000℃ (with different bands). Temperatures below 250℃ belong to T62 series and with temperatures 3000℃ or above belong to T69 series. Temperatures which have to be obtained from remote area and need high precision have been categorized as T61 series.
3.1The innovation contained in T60 thermometer
Due to the price consideration, we can not put all the innovative points to a single series of thermometer. T60 series has the following advantages from the perspective of innovation:
. Set up the space weak waveguide
In temperature testing by untouched approach, it is important to secure the stability between the detecting terminal and transmitting media, but whether the radioactive wave can establish its transmitting channels is even more important. If a channel can guarantee that the transmitting wave has the least loss of signal, this channel will be the right passage to transmit signal with the least distortion and the longest distance.
An optical field can be formed on the surface of the heating object and the front of the receiver. The diameter of the receiver will be the frontier of the waveguide, and angles formed by the diameter will compensate for the distance, which forms a weak waveguide. When the area of the heating object is equal to or less than the diameter of the receiver, radioactive wave can transmit signals to longer distance and the waves radiated from the areas where the distance is longer than the diameter will not enter the waveguide.
Optical fiber is a kind of weak waveguide, which is formed by the coating refract less than the core refraction. Radioactive wave can transmit signals to farther distance through optical fiber. The wave beam which let off by flashlight and search light belongs to weak waveguide, which is formed by reflected light from the parabola surface. We form a weak waveguide by the receiver and the optical fiber. The practice has showed that it is a very efficient way, since traditional thermometers have more or less something to do with radiation rate of the materials, with the distances and the area of the heating objects. However our thermometer has nothing to do with these factors, which is the merit to set up the space weak waveguide.
.optical fiber
Communication fiber can only “transmit” while sensory optical fiber can not only transmit but also conduct. Ordinary people can not understand and you can not buy from anywhere in the world at present. As for this point, it is our commercial secret, we are sorry we could not reveal this.
. optical fiber limiter
Optical fiber made of Si can obtain the spectrum from 0.4～2.5(mm)，while ours is made of cadmium selenium with only several millimeters long, or nanometer is also workable. We use optical fiber made of cadmium selenium into light limiter which can effectively prevent the intervention of the visible light.
The limiter is the reverse use of optical fiber Bragg Grating (FBG), which makes the spectrum only allow the penetration of such optical wave. No one at present can do so, but we have made it possible.
.optical fiber filter
When the light beam comes into the optical fiber, the wave with high exponential will be filtered in order to transmit the signal to the terminal steadily. Since part of the invention is erased and the transmitted signals achieved high stability, which works as the function of wave front corrector. We make the special optical fiber through heat treatment and at the required design in order to achieve such function.
.the smallest faculae can be less than 300m
Since our detective finder is made of different materials and connected with the optical fiber. According to the principle of conjugate image, if the tested point has been placed at the front focus, the temperature will be tested and this tested point can be as small as possible. If the lens is removed, let the optical fiber leave the tested object at the distance of 1-2 mm, the faculae of f300mm size can be measured, but the thermometer should be readjusted. Do not think it is a simple way, no one makes it out yet. My conclusion has been based on the investigation of several American firms manufacturing thermometers.
3.2 Categorization
Categorization has been made not only based on the consideration of price, but also on the ingredients of technologies. And the most importantly, such categorization will facilitate the enterprise to develop into large scale and achieve the economy of scale. We think the following categorization is scientific and rational.
|
Categories |
Functions and specifications |
|
T60 |
To test medium and high temperature under standard normal situation |
|
T61 |
High precision with resolution of 0.01～0.1(℃)，or the tested object with poor stability or over 20m distance. |
|
T62 |
To test low temperature by adopting optical field transformer and specialized optical fiber. |
|
T63 |
To replace thermocouple by optical fiber and achieve contact method to measure temperature. The adoption of voluntary optical limiter. |
|
T64 |
To test temperature at different points inclusive of scanning testing, single point testing and * typed testing. |
|
T65 |
Portable thermometer series |
|
T66 |
Field bus on optical fiber. |
|
T67 |
To test body temperature and food temperature, including intranet monitoring. |
|
T68 |
This series is the accessories of my various inventions, such as fire testing of the power plants, the temperature conducting of the well logging, etc. |
|
T69 |
This series is for special purpose like testing of the exhausted gas of vehicles and test the temperature over 3000 ℃ |
4.0 The innovation obtained from other types of thermometers
4.1 wave tester:
It is used to identify the feature wave, which is a refracted grating with number of records on it. When a certain kind of feature wave passes through the grating and the 0 grade will show up, which will indicate the corresponding temperature. Feature wave identification by grating is an innovation.
4.2 Voluntary wave limiter:
It is made of nanometer. When the radioactive wave enters the limiter, its vibration frequency has linear relation with the radioactive wave and thus the analog of the temperature will be changed into frequency. Therefore, the optical detector connected with the other end of the optical limiter will output 0, 1, 0, 1, etc. such frequency signal substitutes the A/D signal of the micro-processor.
4.3 Digital optical electric detective finders:
Since in the course of optical signal transmission, it is interchangeable between electric field and magnetic field, when the light wave shines on the surface of photosensitive surface of the optical electric detector, electric current generates and the short circuit will occur. At the spur of the moment when the short circuit occurs, current flow will restore and there is a proportional relation during the course of short circuit and as such the optical analog will be changed into digital quantum.
This sensor in just under research, which is quite different from that thermo sensitive sensor invented by Russian scientists. This sensor will be used in the optical fiber transmitter with contact testing method.
4.4 Optical field converter
If a weak signal under test has been changed into a bright optical signal, the signal will have to be moved from outside of the room to the inside of the room; from an unsafe place to a safe place in order to facilitate the treatment of the signal. Such can be widely used in testing of lower temperature, nuclear radiation, X-ray etc. while testing lower temperature, and specialized optical fiber will be adopted. Its theorem is: the inserted medium red wave and the infrared wave will be transformed into a speed volume operated by an electronic switch. This electronic switch has been connected with a luminous tubes (such as APD) with a very steep slope between the front and the end. The luminous frequency will be in proportional relation and such frequency will stand for the corresponding temperature.
4.5 Exponential/logarithm converter
Its function is to convert the exponential optical frequency into logarithm frequency. Since the optical frequency is an exponential function, also because exponential is the reverse function of logarithm, or rather, they share the same curve but with different directions. The attenuation approach can make the optical frequency which is ³1 into a range of 0-1. that is to say, exponential has been converted into logarithm or vice versa. To this effect, the optical frequency has been compressed, which is not only raised the dynamic scale, but also raised its responding speed two folds. This is a great innovation.
4.6 Optical analog divider
The untouched thermometer can divide the radioactive wave into two different types l1，l2，with power ofW1，W2 respectively. W1/W2 indicates the changes of temperature. This is called the comparative thermometer. The traditional way is to divide the optical wave into two beams and let the waves insert into filter l1，l2，and then make a conversion between optics and electronics by adoption of two optical electrical detectors, and then they will have to be put into two logarithmic amplifiers and W1/W2 will be obtained. In real practice, since the heating objects are in different materials, they have different radiation co efficiencies. Due to the intervention of the distances and the ashes, fogs and smog, etc., W1 and W2 will change. Normally they have the same ratio for changes; therefore, w1/w2 will be a constant number. From this point, we can infer that such dual-length wave can prevent thermometer free from interventions caused by the environment. Ten years ago, we had made a batch of dual-length wave thermometer to lots of organizations such as Baoji steel tube factory, shen’yang casting research institute and Chong’qing University, etc. though the favorable responses have been given, we still have other concerns. Since it is very hard to adjust, there will be a very long duration for manufacturing. Why is that? 15 years ago, I have entrusted Shanghai technical physics research institute to make a photosensitive detector, I also made twelve sets of dies which could reduce the duration of various kinds of joints, but the outcome was still not ideal. I thought it must be something wrong with the theorem. Since radiation frequency e(lT), the intervention of ash and fog A(lT) and the distance co efficiency are all the function of wave length and temperature, the comparable condition for dual length wave must be l1=l2 , also, if the equal slope of the wave curve of l1，l2 be secured, these two curves must be in parallel, or intersect beyond the range of the tested temperature. It can be testified in theory that it is impossible to be like this. Because if l1 =l2, the dual length wave will become single length wave, only if l1¹l2 , but let l1 to be very close to l2, let l1»l2 will be possible. However, l1is always larger than l2, it is impossible to achieve such wish. In the course of temperature changes, though the width of the spectrum remains unchanged, its coating wire is changing. When the temperature comes to a certain figure, l1 will be more than l2 when the feature wave l2 is more than l1. , the output curves will always intersect within the range of tested temperature, therefore it is impossible to make such circuit. IRCON, an American firm has once made a sandwich like optical electrical detective finder, the wave length of the photosensitive surface is 1.05mm from wide band radioactive wave to narrow band radioactive wave in order to make a contrast between wide band and the narrow band. The circuit is very complicated and there is a high demand for wiring technique. However, if the narrow band compares with narrow band, or the wide band compares with wide band, or two different Si and Ge detective finders are adopted, even though IRCON circuit is used, it still can not achieve success. Because such theory can not be testified, Only when the range of temperature is narrow enough, it will achieve success, such as body thermometer. Furthermore, if three waves are to be compared, the cost will be substantially high. Our optical analog divider can achieve the comparison and contrast between two waves or even among 8 or more waves without the influence of its response speed. No matter how many factors are to be compared, its volume is no larger than an electronic chip.
The principle of the optical analog divider is to make conversions between exponential and logarithm, which makes the radioactive frequency into the outer space of waveguide with nanometer coatings. Under the attraction of the side waveguide, the wave will be distributed to the side waveguide. The output terminal of the optical divider only requires an optical electrical converting sensor in order to achieve the comparison function between dual length waves or among multiple waves. This can be regarded as one of the most important invention in my life. Unfortunately, in the last two years, most of my efforts have been put in Xi’an Goldsun Sensory Systems Incorporation and spared no time and energy in my personal invention.
Optical analog divider is not only used in thermometer, but also in various other instruments. It can be connected with optical converter; it also can be connected to electric circuit with effective queuing of the interventions. Moreover, it can simplify the complex electric circuits and decrease the cost substantially.
However, to achieve these advantages, it is a must to take good use of the sensors in the USA, i.e., DO-VA Company.
